Passage 1

The walking path reopened shortly after noon, once workers had removed the fallen branches that had obstructed its only entrance.

Passage 2

COMMUNITY SPORTS CENTER NOTICE

The main swimming pool will be closed on Tuesday from 2:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. for cleaning.

The learner pool will remain open.

Swimming lessons normally held in the main pool at 4:00 p.m. will take place in the learner pool instead.

Changing rooms and lockers will operate normally.

The café will close at 5:00 p.m.

Passage 3

STUDENT WORKSHOPS

Passage 4

[1] In one of the driest coastal deserts in the world, some beetles obtain water even when rain does not fall for long periods. Early in the morning, fog sometimes moves inland from the sea.

[2] The beetles climb exposed ridges and position their bodies so that tiny drops of water form on their backs. The drops become larger and eventually move toward the beetles' mouths.

[3] Researchers have discovered that both the surface of the beetles' bodies and their behavior contribute to this process. Engineers have studied this strategy while developing materials designed to collect water from fog.

[4] Reproducing the process is not simple. Wind speed, temperature, surface angle, and the amount of fog can all affect how much water is collected.

Passage 5

[1] Objects displayed in museums may appear safe behind glass, but they can still be damaged by their surroundings. Light, temperature, humidity, dust, and pollutants can slowly affect paintings, textiles, wood, and other materials.

[2] Light damage is cumulative. A sensitive piece of cloth may not appear different after one day under bright lights, but damage can build over months or years. For this reason, museums sometimes rotate delicate objects between display and storage.

[3] Humidity also requires careful control. When the amount of moisture in the air repeatedly rises and falls, wooden objects may expand and contract. Paint attached to the wood may eventually crack. Keeping everything extremely dry is not the solution because some materials also suffer in air that is too dry.

[4] Conservators therefore try to prevent damage before major repairs become necessary. In their judgment, prevention is usually a wiser approach because a repaired object may never be exactly the same as the original.

Passage 6

[1] A university cafeteria has introduced reusable takeaway containers to reduce disposable packaging. Customers pay a 5-riyal deposit when they receive a reusable container.

[2] The container may be returned to the cafeteria kiosk within 14 days, and the customer will receive the full deposit back. Containers returned later are still accepted for reuse, but the deposit is not refunded. Severely damaged containers are not accepted.

Passage 7

[1] Many bats navigate at night using echolocation. They produce high-frequency sounds and listen to the echoes that return after the sounds strike objects.

[2] Information contained in an echo can help a bat estimate the distance and sometimes the size of an object. As a bat approaches an obstacle or an insect, it can change the timing and pattern of its calls.

[3] Most ordinary city noise occurs at frequencies lower than the calls used by many bats. However, certain machines can produce sound within a similar range. Such noise may mask parts of the returning echoes.

[4] In one study, researchers observed that some bats changed the frequency of their calls slightly in noisy areas. This suggests a degree of flexibility, although researchers do not know whether bats can compensate for every type or level of noise.

Passage 8

CONFERENCE PROGRAM

Passage 9

[1] In regions covered by permanent ice, new layers of snow can accumulate year after year. Over time, the weight of later layers presses older snow into dense ice.

[2] Tiny bubbles of air may become trapped as the ice forms. Thousands of years later, scientists can analyze these bubbles to obtain information about gases that were present in Earth's atmosphere when the ice formed.

[3] Dust and volcanic material found in ice can provide additional clues. A layer containing material from a major eruption may help researchers connect an ice layer with an event known from other evidence.

[4] Dating the deepest layers becomes increasingly difficult because they have been heavily compressed, and movement within an ice sheet may disturb the original sequence. Scientists therefore compare information from different ice cores whenever possible.

[5] Ice cores provide valuable records of past environmental conditions, but they do not allow scientists to predict the exact weather of a particular city many years in the future.

Passage 10

[1] A school district recently moved the starting time of its secondary schools from 7:20 a.m. to 8:10 a.m. The change was introduced partly because specialists had argued that many teenagers were not obtaining enough sleep.

[2] During the first semester, average attendance increased from 92 percent to 94 percent, and the number of students arriving late decreased. However, teachers reported mixed opinions about whether students appeared more alert in their first lessons.

[3] The change also created practical difficulties. Because the district used the same buses for several schools, some elementary routes had to begin earlier. Several families reported that this change complicated their morning arrangements.

[4] Researchers caution against drawing broad conclusions from the results. The information comes from only one district and one semester, and other changes during the same period may also have affected attendance.

Use the visual above to answer the question.

According to the chart, which library section had the fewest borrowed books?

Use the visual above to answer the question.

How many more fiction books were borrowed than history books?